Экономика англоязычных стран. Часть 1

Choose the right expression to continue the phrase: The UK joined the European Economic Community (now the European Union, or EU) _________

• in 1973
• in 1989
• in 2000
• in 1957

Choose the right answer to the question: What sector of the UK economy provides the source of greatest growth?

• The manufacturing sector provides the source of greatest growth.
• The service sector provides the source of greatest growth.
• The agricultural sector provides the source of greatest growth.
• The industry sector provides the source of greatest growth.

Choose the right expression to continue the phrase: On 6 May 1997, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, Gordon Brown, announced that the Government was giving the Bank operational responsibility for ________________

• setting interest rates
• being the lender of the last resort
• conducting monetary policy
• default on payments

Choose the right answer to the question: What is the Federal Reserve?

• The Federal Reserve System is the nation’s Treasury.
• The Federal Reserve System is the nation’s central bank.
• The Federal Reserve System is the nation’s clearing bank.
• The Federal Reserve System is the nation’s Ministry of Finance.

Choose the right expression to continue the phrase: All profits and losses of the business in a sole proprietorship are reported directly to _____________

• the owner’s income tax return
• the owner’s memoramdum of association
• the owner’s annual report
• the owner’s articles of incorporation

Choose the right answer to the question: What is a partnership?

• A partnership is formed when two or more individuals enter into legal agreement to share in some specified manner the rights to recieve profit from a business enterprise.
• A partnership is formed when two or more individuals enter into legal agreement to share in some specified manner the rights of creating a business enterprise.
• A partnership is formed when two or more individuals enter into legal agreement to share in some specified manner the duties of ownership in a business enterprise.
• A partnership is formed when two or more individuals enter into legal agreement to share in some specified manner the rights of ownership in a business enterprise.

Choose the right answer to the question: What is a limited partnership?

• A limited partnership is a partnership formed by two or more persons and having one or more general partners and one or more limited partners.
• A limited partnership is a partnership formed by two or more persons and having one or more general partners.
• A limited partnership is a partnership formed by two or more persons and having no general partners but one or more limited partners.
• A limited partnership is a partnership formed by two or more persons and having one or more limited partners.

Choose the right term to fill in the gap: The bands and allowances of individual income tax are subject to statutory indexation provisions, announced at the time of the annual______, unless Parliament intervenes

• Budget
• Governmantal Regulation
• Act of Parliament
• Tax Code

Choose the right term to fill in the gap: Since then, average _____________ of developed countries have fallen from nearly 40% to less than 5% through eight rounds of multilateral trade liberalisation.

• agricultural tariffs
• service tariffs
• industrial tariffs
• customs tariffs

Choose the right term to fill in the gap: On 1 April 1993, the community charge system of local taxation, or poll tax, was replaced by the__________, which is largely a property-based tax rather than an individual-based tax.

• stamp duty
• landfill tax
• capital tax
• council tax

Choose the right expression to continue the phrase: With commercial intensification of yields and a high level of mechanization, supported initially by national policy and subsequently by the EU’s Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), the output of some agricultural products_____________.

• has equaled supply
• has exceeded demand
• has equaled demand
• has exceeded supply

Choose the right term to fill in the gap: Some of the biggest and most cherished deductions in the current tax code are for_____________, medical expenses, state and local taxes, charitable donations and savings for retirement

• interest on investment capital
• interest on mortgage payments
• interest on bank loans
• interest on insurance

Choose the right expression to continue the phrase: There are no formal requirements for starting ___________________

• a limited liability company
• a sole proprietorship
• a general partnership
• a corporation

Choose the right expression to continue the phrase: To sum up, the most important capital flow effect of a proactive Fed could be _______________

• to hasten the recovery of the US economy, and that could be positive for M&A and equity inflows into the US
• to slow the recovery of the US economy, and that could be positive for M&A and equity outflows from the US
• to hasten the recovery of the US economy, and that could be positive for M&A and equity outflows from the US
• to slow the recovery of the US economy, and that could be positive for M&A and equity inflows into the US

Choose the right answer to the question: Why do the US capital flows depend on Europe?

• With the recent surge in M&A flows from Europe, the US has grown more dependent on European manufacturing for financing its current account deficit relative to other regions.
• With the recent surge in M&A flows from Europe, the US has grown more dependent on European investment for financing its current account deficit relative to its own investments.
• With the recent surge in M&A flows from Europe, the US has grown more dependent on European investment for financing its current account deficit relative to other regions.
• With the recent surge in M&A outflows to Europe, the US has grown more dependent on European investment for financing its current account deficit relative to other regions.

Choose the right answer to the question: How does the bank of England ensure the effectiveness of the UK’s financial services?

• It aims to achieve these goals through its expertise in the market place; by acting as a catalyst to collective action when market forces alone are deficient, by supporting the development of a financial infrastructure that furthers these goals; by advising government; and by encouraging Brittish interests through its contacts with financial authorities in the EU.
• It aims to achieve these goals through its expertise in the market place; by acting as a catalyst to collective action when market forces alone are deficient, by supporting the development of a financial system that furthers these goals; by advising government; and by encouraging Brittish interests through its contacts with financial authorities overseas.
• It aims to achieve these goals through its expertise in the market place; by acting as a catalyst to collective action when market forces alone are deficient, by supporting the development of a financial system that furthers these goals; by advising government; and by encouraging Brittish interests through its contacts with financial authorities in the EU.
• It aims to achieve these goals through its expertise in the market place; by acting as a catalyst to collective action when market forces alone are deficient, by supporting the development of a financial infrastructure that furthers these goals; by advising government; and by encouraging Brittish interests through its contacts with financial authorities overseas.

Choose the right answer to the question: How does the Fed supply the reserves to the banking system?

• The Federal Reserve supplies reserves to the banking system in two ways: 1) Lending through the Federal Reserve discount window; 2) Selling government securities (open market operations).
• The Federal Reserve supplies reserves to the banking system in two ways: 1) Borrowing through the Federal Reserve discount window; 2) Buying government securities (open market operations).
• The Federal Reserve supplies reserves to the banking system in two ways: 1) Borrowing through the Federal Reserve discount window; 2) Selling government securities (open market operations).
• The Federal Reserve supplies reserves to the banking system in two ways: 1) Lending through the Federal Reserve discount window; 2) Buying government securities (open market operations).

Choose the right expression to continue the phrase: Its exports represent more than 10 percent of_____________.

• the developed countries total
• the world total
• the industrialized countries total
• the America’s total

Choose the right expression to continue the phrase: Monetary policy is directed to achieving this objective and to providing a framework for __________________

• non-inflationary economic slowdown
• inflationary economic slowdown
• inflationary economic growth
• non-inflationary economic growth

Choose the right expression to continue the phrase: More than 8 percent of the United Kingdom’s land area is devoted ___________

• to productive forestry
• to productive crops
• to productive industry
• to productive cattle

Choose the right answer to the question: What is the sole proprietorship?

• Sole proprietorships are collectively owned businesses and farms. The sole proprietorship can be organized very informally, is not subject to much federal or state regulation, and is relatively simple to manage and control.
• Sole proprietorships are individually owned corporations and farms. The sole proprietorship can be organized very informally, is not subject to any federal or state regulation, and is relatively simple to manage and control.
• Sole proprietorships are individually owned businesses and farms. The sole proprietorship can be organized very informally, is not subject to any federal or state regulation, and is relatively simple to manage and control.
• Sole proprietorships are individually owned businesses and farms. The sole proprietorship can be organized very informally, is not subject to much federal or state regulation, and is relatively simple to manage and control.

Choose the right expression to continue the phrase: The Federal Reserve acts as the ________________

• debitor for the U.S. government
• banker for the U.S. government
• lender for the U.S. government
• creditor for the U.S. government

Choose the right expression to continue the phrase: Using the tools of monetary policy, the Federal Reserve can affect _______________

• the volume of money and tax rates
• the value of money and tax rates
• the value of money and interest rates
• the volume of money and interest rates

Choose the right answer to the question: What are the goals of monetary policy?

• The Federal Reserve Act lays out the goals of monetary policy. It specifies that, in conducting monetary policy, the Federal Reserve System and the Federal Open Market Committee should seek “to promote effectively the goals of maximum employment, stable prices, and low long-term interest rates.”
• The Federal Reserve Act lays out the goals of monetary policy. It specifies that, in conducting monetary policy, the Federal Reserve System and the Federal Open Market Committee should seek “to promote effectively the goals of low employment, stable prices, and high long-term interest rates.”
• The Federal Reserve Act lays out the goals of monetary policy. It specifies that, in conducting monetary policy, the Federal Reserve System and the Federal Open Market Committee should seek “to promote effectively the goals of maximum employment, stable prices, and moderate long-term interest rates.”
• The Federal Reserve Act lays out the goals of monetary policy. It specifies that, in conducting monetary policy, the Federal Reserve System and the Federal Open Market Committee should seek “to promote effectively the goals of medium employment, stable prices, and low long-term interest rates.”

Choose the right expression to continue the phrase: The day-to-day management of a corporation is usually done through a board of directors and officers ________

• who are usually elected by the corporation’s board
• who are usually elected by the corporation’s stockholders
• who are usually elected by the corporation’s top management
• who are usually elected by the corporation’s administrative council

Choose the right term to fill in the gap: In pursuing its goal of maintaining a stable and efficient monetary and financial framework as its contribution to a healthy economy, the Bank has ______ core purposes; achieving them depends on the work of the Bank as whole.

• Two
• Five
• Four
• Three

Choose the right answer to the question: Who can conduct the trade policy in the US?

• Decisions about trade policy must be made by the US Senate, and not by the US President. Some powers are delegated to the US Trade Representative’s Office.
• Decisions about trade policy must be made by the US President, and not by the US Senate and House of Representatives. Some powers are delegated to the US Trade Representative’s Office.
• Decisions about trade policy must be made by the House of Representatives, and not by the US President. Some powers are delegated to the US Trade Representative’s Office.
• Decisions about trade policy must be made by the US Senate and House of Representatives, and not by the US President. Some powers are delegated to the US Trade Representative’s Office.

Choose the right answer to the question: When does the Bank of England acts as a lender of the last resort?

• Where a threat to the stability of the financial system is perceived to be present; the Bank may intervene to stand between an intermediary and the market place in order to facilitate payments and borrowings, which might otherwise not be completed, in extreme cases, emergency decrease of interest rates by the Bank might be provided, the so-called ‘lender of last resort’ (LOLR) function, but this is only done where the failure of one institution could bring down other, otherwise viable, institutions.
• Where a threat to the stability of the financial system is perceived to be present; the Bank may intervene to stand between an intermediary and the market place in order to facilitate payments and settlements, which might otherwise not be completed, in extreme cases, emergency financial support by the Bank might be provided, the so-called ‘lender of last resort’ (LOLR) function, but this is only done where the failure of one institution could bring down other, otherwise viable, institutions.
• Where a threat to the stability of the financial system is perceived to be present; the Bank may intervene to stand between an intermediary and the market place in order to facilitate payments and borrowings, which might otherwise not be completed, in extreme cases, emergency financial support by the Bank might be provided, the so-called ‘lender of last resort’ (LOLR) function, but this is only done where the failure of one institution could bring down other, otherwise viable, institutions.
• Where a threat to the stability of the financial system is perceived to be present; the Bank may intervene to stand between an intermediary and the market place in order to facilitate payments and settlements, which might otherwise not be completed, in extreme cases, emergency decrease of interest rates by the Bank might be provided, the so-called ‘lender of last resort’ (LOLR) function, but this is only done where the failure of one institution could bring down other, otherwise viable, institutions.

Choose the right expression to continue the phrase: One important issue that the Bank has been involved, for example, has been to improve the security of payment and settlement arrangements, which are a vital element in the stability of the________________.

• banking system
• monetary system
• tax system
• financial system

Choose the right expression to continue the phrase: A resident is a person domiciled___________.

• in this state for the half of tax year
• in this city for the half of tax year
• in this state for the entire tax year
• in the city for the entire tax year

Choose the right expression to continue the phrase: The Federal Reserve is charged with ensuring that enough currency and coin are in circulation to meet _____

• the public’s interest
• the public’s supply
• the public’s needs
• the public’s demand

Choose the right answer to the question: How is the income tax payment system organised?

• Most income tax on earned income is deducted at the end of year by employers.
• Most income tax on earned income is deducted at the end of year by tax agents.
• Most income tax on earned income is deducted at source by tax agents.
• Most income tax on earned income is deducted at source by employers.

Choose the right expression to continue the phrase: Non-discrimination is embodied in ________________

• the safeguards principle
• the most-favored nation principle
• the antidumping principle
• the contervailing principle

Choose the right term to fill in the gap: While the corporation cannot protect a professional against their own negligence, it does protect them against the negligence of ______________.

• a shareholder
• an associate
• a manager
• a partner

Choose the right answer to the question: What is the principal effort of the US government to foster the economy?

• A principal effort of the government traditionally has been the fostering of competition through enforcement of antitrust laws. These are designed to combat collusion among companies with respect to prices, output levels, or market shares and, where feasible, to prevent mergers that significantly increase competition.
• A principal effort of the government traditionally has been the fostering of competition through enforcement of antidumping laws. These are designed to combat collusion among companies with respect to prices, output levels, or market shares and, where feasible, to prevent mergers that significantly increase competition.
• A principal effort of the government traditionally has been the fostering of competition through enforcement of antidumping laws. These are designed to combat collusion among companies with respect to prices, output levels, or market shares and, where feasible, to prevent mergers that significantly reduce competition.
• A principal effort of the government traditionally has been the fostering of competition through enforcement of antitrust laws. These are designed to combat collusion among companies with respect to prices, output levels, or market shares and, where feasible, to prevent mergers that significantly reduce competition.

Choose the right answer to the question: What are the main excise duties?

• Excise duties are flat-rate taxes (per pint, per litre, per packet etc.) levied upon five major goods: beer, wine, spirits, tobacco and coal.
• Excise duties are flat-rate taxes (per pint, per litre, per packet etc.) levied upon five major goods: mineral water, wine, spirits, tobacco and coal.
• Excise duties are flat-rate taxes (per pint, per litre, per packet etc.) levied upon five major goods: mineral water, wine, spirits, tobacco and petrol/diesel.
• Excise duties are flat-rate taxes (per pint, per litre, per packet etc.) levied upon five major goods: beer, wine, spirits, tobacco and petrol/diesel.

Choose the right expression to continue the phrase: However, the GATT was signed by many allied nations in 1947 and it _____________

• did not achieve its goal of advancing trade liberalization
• did not achieve its goal of slowing trade liberalization
• did achieve its goal of slowing trade liberalization
• did achieve its goal of advancing trade liberalization

Choose the right term to fill in the gap: A ___________ is typically a business owned and operated by one individual, or very often by a husband and wife.

• private limited company
• sole proprietorship
• public corporation
• partnership

Choose the right expression to continue the phrase: Under the new system, taxpayers can send their returns back to the Inland Revenue by 30 September each year, for the Revenue to calculate the tax owed (given the information on income sources and expenditure provided by the_____________)

• Taxpayer
• Tax agent
• Tax inspector
• Tax police

Choose the right answer to the question: What are the trends in the development of the service industry?

• The most remarkable phenomenon characterizing the economy of the United Kingdom has been the stagnation of service industries.
• The most remarkable phenomenon characterizing the economy of the United Kingdom has been the fluctuation of service industries.
• The most remarkable phenomenon characterizing the economy of the United Kingdom has been the growth of service industries.
• The most remarkable phenomenon characterizing the economy of the United Kingdom has been the fall of service industries.

Choose the right answer to the question: What is the basic unit of production in the private sector?

• In the private sector of the economy, the basic unit of production is the business farm.
• In the private sector of the economy, the basic unit of production is the individual.
• In the private sector of the economy, the basic unit of production is the business firm.
• In the private sector of the economy, the basic unit of production is the corporation.

Choose the right expression to continue the phrase: The mineral industry accounts for approximately 6 percent of the GNP but employs less than 1 percent of the __________

• residents
• population
• work force
• trade unions

Choose the right answer to the question: What is a limited liability company?

• A limited liability company is an unincorporated association having one or more members. Similar to a sole proprietorship, owners of a limited liability company are generally not liable for the obligations of the business. Like a partnership, income and losses of the company flow through the company to the partners avoiding double taxation.
• A limited liability company is an unincorporated association having one or more members. Similar to a corporation, owners of a limited liability company are generally not liable for the obligations of the business. Like a partnership, income and losses of the company flow through the company to the partners avoiding double taxation.
• A limited liability company is an unincorporated association having one or more members. Similar to a partnership, owners of a limited liability company are generally not liable for the obligations of the business. Like a partnership, income and losses of the company flow through the company to the partners avoiding double taxation.
• A limited liability company is an unincorporated partnership having one or more members. Similar to a corporation, owners of a limited liability company are generally liable for the obligations of the business. Like a partnership, income and losses of the company flow through the company to the partners avoiding double taxation.

Choose the right answer to the question: What is stamp duty reserve tax?

• Stamp duty reserve tax (SDRT) was introduced in 1986 and applies to certain transactions in securities that are not liable to council tax because there is no physical transfer of ownership, such as the sale of shares held in electronic accounts.
• Stamp duty reserve tax (SDRT) was introduced in 1986 and applies to certain transactions in electronic form that are not liable to council tax because there is no physical transfer of ownership, such as the sale of shares held in electronic accounts.
• Stamp duty reserve tax (SDRT) was introduced in 1986 and applies to certain transactions in electronic form that are not liable to stamp duty because there is no physical transfer of ownership, such as the sale of shares held in electronic accounts.
• Stamp duty reserve tax (SDRT) was introduced in 1986 and applies to certain transactions in securities that are not liable to stamp duty because there is no physical transfer of ownership, such as the sale of shares held in electronic accounts.

Choose the right expression to continue the phrase: The Bureau of Economic and Business Affairs’ International Finance and Development unit (EB/IFD ) promotes ___________________

• U.S. economic development in time of global economic crisis
• U.S. economic dominance through global economic stability
• U.S. economic development through global economic instability
• U.S. economic development through global economic stability

Choose the right answer to the question: What is a progressive taxation?

• A tax system is called progressive if those with higher incomes pay a smaller proportion of their income in taxes
• A tax system is called progressive if those with higher incomes pay a higher proportion of their capital spending in taxes
• A tax system is called progressive if those with higher incomes pay a higher proportion of their income in taxes
• A tax system is called progressive if the only one tax rate is established for different ammounts of income

Choose the right term to fill in the gap: In a_______, two or more individuals join together to run the business enterprise.

• private limited company
• sole trader
• partnership
• public limited company

Choose the right answer to the question: What products does the UK export?

• Products that feature prominently in British exports are machinery, automobiles and other transport equipment, computers, aerospace equipment, foodstuff and beverages, and gas.
• Products that feature prominently in British exports are machinery, automobiles and other transport equipment, computers, aerospace equipment, foodstuff and beverages, and oil.
• Products that feature prominently in British exports are machinery, automobiles and other transport equipment, computers, aerospace equipment, electrical and electronics goods, and gas.
• Products that feature prominently in British exports are machinery, automobiles and other transport equipment, computers, aerospace equipment, electrical and electronics goods, and oil.

Choose the right term to fill in the gap: In preparing the Inflation Report and deciding on interest rates, the Bank and the MPC looks at a range of domestic and international _____________ factors, which will have a bearing on inflation over the future

• economic and banking
• economic and monetary
• financal and monetary
• banking and monetary

Choose the right answer to the question: How does the government exert considerable leverage on different economic sectors?

• The government exerts considerable leverage on certain sectors of the economy as a merchendiser of goods notably in the aircraft and aerospace industries.
• The government exerts considerable leverage on certain sectors of the economy as a seller of goods notably in the aircraft and aerospace industries.
• The government exerts considerable leverage on certain sectors of the economy as a manufacturer of goods notably in the aircraft and aerospace industries.
• The government exerts considerable leverage on certain sectors of the economy as a purchaser of goods notably in the aircraft and aerospace industries.