Английский язык. Практикум по педагогической психологии. Часть 1

Through our modern foreign language teaching we provide learning opportunities that enable all pupils to ____________ progress

• do
• has
• hold
• make

When he returned home, he found that his three-year-old nephew had learned ________ speak French

However, when he went to the academy to test his new language skills, he _____________ disappointed to find out that he could not understand anything

At times, fluency may have to take on more importance ___________ accuracy in order to keep learners meaningfully engaged in language use

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• Very often, optimum interaction can be reached by
• of the teacher is to be as unobtrusive as possible
• He or she is listening
• for students’ errors making notes
• Whether taking any part in the role play or not, the role
• letting the students work in one group with their friends

German is taught in nearly all _________ EU countries

• an
• a
• the
• —

A total of 13% of pupils in the European Union learn German _____________ lower secondary education, and 20% learn it at an upper secondary level

• on
• at
• by
• in

One of which is the teaching of subjective language, ____________ the students must make judgments about what is experienced in the world as such do not relate easily to one single common experience

Examples of researchers on the empiricist side are Jesperson, Palmer, and Leonard Bloomfield, _______________ promote mimicry and memorization with pattern drills

• what
• when
• who
• that

Students learn sentences based on an action ______________ as leaving a house in the order in which such would be performed

A number of large-scale investigations about language learning and the increased emphasis ____________ reading skills in the 1920s led to the notion of «vocabulary control»

• in
• on
• at
• by

Lesson development is as concerned with the training of _______________ functions of speech as it is with cognitive (memory) functions

• speaking
• listening
• motor
• neurological

It was Julian Dakin in ‘The Language Laboratory and Language Learning’ (Longman 1973) _____ coined the phrase ‘meaningless drills’ to describe pattern practice of the kind inspired by the above ideas»

• who
• when
• that
• why

After digesting the experience silently, he then reenacted his experiences in play, talking _____________ what he learned to whoever would listen or to himself

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• The grammatical analysis of sentences constitutes
• as a coherent whole and conditions the training of a foreign language
• Grammatical terminology
• serves this objective
• Its practice makes it possible to recognize a text
• the objective of the teaching of grammar at the school

Emphasis ____________ this point led to the approach’s second name

Those looking at the history of foreign-language education in the 20th century and the methods of teaching ________________ be tempted to think that it is a history of failure

• had
• might
• ought
• need

These methods follow from the basic empiricist position that language acquisition basically results ________________ habits formed by conditioning and drilling

• by
• on
• from
• at

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• The teacher asks questions, such as, ‘In this situation what will you say to the salesperson?’
• the role play is returning an item of clothing back to the store
• It is recommended
• to introduce any new vocabulary before the role play
• For example, the situation of
• ‘What will the salesperson say?’ and writes what the students dictate on the right side of the board

However, its emphasis on oral practice, grammar and sentence patterns still finds widespread support among language teachers and remains popular in countries ____________ foreign language syllabuses are still heavily based on grammar

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• The audio-lingual method was developed in the USA around World War II when governments realized that
• how the mother tongue functions, in order to give him the capacity to communicate its thought
• The main difference was the developing audio-lingual methods allegiance to structural linguistics, focusing on grammar
• and contrastive analysis to find differences between the student’s native language and the target language in order to prepare specific materials to address potential problems
• Grammar makes it possible for each one to understand
• they needed more people who could conduct conversations fluently in a variety of languages, work as interpreters, code-room assistants, and translators

It stresses that mere vocabulary and grammar memory is not the sole requirement ________ spoken language fluency

This is the natural way humans learn any language – a child never ___________ on another language to learn its first language

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• Grammatical terminology
• how the mother tongue functions, in order to give him the capacity to communicate its thought
• Its practice makes it possible to recognize a text
• as a coherent whole and conditions the training of a foreign language
• Grammar makes it possible for each one to understand
• serves this objective

The idea was that each of the exercises would force the student to ___________ about the vocabulary in terms of its relationship with the natural world

A(an) ______________ is a set of correlative assumptions about the nature of language and language learning

• way
• approach
• path
• side

They were familiar __________ the Direct method as well as the work of 19th century applied linguists such as Otto Jesperson and Daniel Jones

• on
• by
• at
• with

A total of 33% of European Union pupils learn French ____________ lower secondary level

• at
• of
• on
• in

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• If you feel that your role play requires more profound linguistic competence
• who don’t have anything the first group needs, but can offer slightly or absolutely different things
• One way to make sure your role play is interesting is
• to let the students choose the situation themselves
• One or two students have their lists of things to buy while another two or three students are salespeople
• than the students possess, it would probably be better to simplify it or to leave it until appropriate

These new methods are usually presented as coming only from the author’s mind, as the authors generally give no credence to what _______ before and do not explain how it relates to the new method

• are done
• was done
• have done
• will be done

Parallel to this was the notion of «grammar control», emphasizing the sentence patterns most-commonly ____________ in spoken conversation

• finds
• found
• founded
• find

Language is not an arbitrary set of conventions but a way of ___________ and representing the world to oneself

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• Very often, optimum interaction can be reached by
• will not be a success
• With several role play groups, when deciding on their composition, both the abilities
• and the personalities of the students should be taken into consideration
• For example, a group consisting only of the shyest students
• letting the students work in one group with their friends

Francois Gouin found that his carefully-constructed sentences often caused _______ German speakers to laugh

All student participation must _______ done at full speaking volume

Included in the elementary or middle school curriculum, the programs are conducted with frequent, regular classes in a short time frame or with short, less regular classes ________ a longer time period

• between
• under
• over
• at

Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях? А) A classroom during a communicative activity is far from quiet В) The students do the most of the speaking, and frequently the scene of a classroom during a communicative exercise is active, with students leaving their seats to complete a task Подберите правильный ответ

• А — нет, В — да
• А — да, В — да
• А — нет, В — нет
• А — да, В — нет

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• Similar programs were created later at Georgetown University, University of Texas among others
• no textbooks, other materials or courses existed at the time, so new methods and materials had to be devised
• For example, the U.S. Army Specialized Training Program created intensive programs based on the techniques Leonard Bloomfield
• and other linguists devised for Native American languages, where students interacted intensively with native speakers and a linguist in guided conversations designed to decode its basic grammar and learn the vocabulary
• However, since foreign language instruction in that country was heavily focused on reading instruction,
• based on the methods and techniques used by the military

Given that human languages share many common traits, the idea is that humans _____________ a universal grammar which is built into our brain structure

• owns
• share
• has
• like

However, anecdotal evidence for successful second or foreign language learning is easy to find, leading to a discrepancy between these cases and the failure of _________ most language programs, which helps make the research of second language acquisition emotionally charged

• the
• —
• an
• a

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• The audio-lingual method was developed in the USA around World War II when governments realized that
• and contrastive analysis to find differences between the student’s native language and the target language in order to prepare specific materials to address potential problems
• However, since foreign language instruction in that country was heavily focused on reading instruction,
• no textbooks, other materials or courses existed at the time, so new methods and materials had to be devised
• The main difference was the developing audio-lingual methods allegiance to structural linguistics, focusing on grammar
• they needed more people who could conduct conversations fluently in a variety of languages, work as interpreters, code-room assistants, and translators

The method bases its methodology ________ a speech pathology model

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• The idea is that
• emphasizes the use of the target language at all times
• Under this method, students listen to or view recordings
• of language models acting in situations
• Students practice with a variety of drills, and the instructor
• by reinforcing ‘correct’ behaviors, students will make them into habits

Activities requiring pair and group work give learners a safe opportunity to test ideas before actually ____________ out in public and lead to the presentation of more highly developed ideas

He estimated that a language could be ____________ with 800 to 900 hours of instruction over a series of 4000 exercises and no homework

Language proficiency and teacher certification vary according to program ______ and state certification requirements

• numbers
• teams
• scores
• goals

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• It was the predominant method
• now acknowledge that this method is ineffective by itself
• It is now most commonly used in the traditional instruction of the
• classical languages, however it remains the most commonly practiced method of English teaching in Japan
• Most instructors
• in Europe in the 19th century

All above items must be avoided because they hinder the acquisition ___ a good oral proficiency

With ___________ methods, students generate original and meaningful sentences to gain a functional knowledge of the rules of grammar

• this
• it
• these
• that

The direct method was established in Germany _____ France around 1900